Chikungunya

Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, primarily of the genus Aedes, which are most active during the day. The disease is not transmitted through casual contact between people.

Chikungunya occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Central and South America, and the islands of the Indian Ocean. In recent years, local outbreaks have also been reported in some parts of southern Europe, particularly in Italy and France.

The incubation period is usually 3–7 days. The disease is usually asymptomatic. When clinical symptoms do occur, they typically include fever and, most notably, severe joint pain, which may persist for weeks or even months after the acute infection has resolved in some patients.

There is no specific antiviral treatment available. Treatment is purely symptomatic, aimed at relieving pain and reducing fever. The primary preventive measure is protection against mosquito bites, particularly through the use of repellents and appropriate clothing. A vaccine is now also available.